• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    FLAT OR METALLIC CABLE AND METHOD TO PRODUCE A FLAT OR METALLIC CABLE. A cable comprises an axially extended resistance member having a first diameter near an upper end and at least a second smaller diameter away from the upper end. A sheath material is adhered to at least part of the length of the resistance member to form a substantially uniform outside diameter along the smooth cable. A method for constructing a smooth wire comprises making an axially extended resistance member having a first diameter near an upper end and at least a smaller diameter away from the upper end. A sheath material is attached to at least part of the length of the resistance member to form a substantially uniform outside diameter along the cable.
    公开号:BR112012033094B1
    申请号:R112012033094-2
    申请日:2011-07-11
    公开日:2020-11-10
    发明作者:Lawrence C. Rose；Jerry C. Foster；Richard Mineo；Michael L. Fripp；Jack G. Clemens；Todd B. Miiller
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present description is generally related to the field of cables in a well bore for well operations.
    [0002] The equipment used in the well operations can be unfolded inwards, and collected from a well hole, also called a drilling hole, using a cable. As used here, the term cable comprises smooth and metallic cables. Such unfolding cables are required to have sufficient holding capacity to support the weight of the tool and that of the metal handle, and to provide additional lifting force to free itself from a load at a designated weak point should the equipment become trapped. in the hole. In some cases, for example, in a deep well, only the weight of the cable in the well bore can exceed the safe operating limit of traction, providing no margin for releasing a stuck tool. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0003] A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when the following detailed description of the embodiments in example is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, where similar elements are indicated with similar reference indicators: FIGS. 1A and IB show an example of a rig ready to perform borehole operations below; FIG. 2 shows an example of a tapered smooth wire; FIG. 3 shows an example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor in it; FIG. 4 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor in it; FIG. 5 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor in it; FIG. 6 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor in it; FIG. 7 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor therein; FIG. 8 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor therein; FIG. 9 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor therein; FIG. 10 shows another example of a smooth shaped line having at least one energy conductor in it; FIG. 11 shows an example of metallic wire having shaped shield elements; FIG. 12 shows another example of metallic wire having shaped shield elements; FIGS. 13A-C show examples of cables where the cross-sectional area of the resistance members is reduced along the cable; and FIGS. 14A-C show the examples of FIGS. 13A-C with an outer coating.
    [0004] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, some specific modalities will be shown here as an example in the drawings and will be described in detail here. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed descriptions included here are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form described, but rather the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalences, and alternatives that fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Detailed Description
    [0005] Various illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described below. They are meant as examples and not as limitations on the claims that follow.
    [0006] FIGS. IA and IB show an example of a rig ready to perform borehole operations below, also called well services, in a borehole of well 101. As used here, well operations comprise profiling, fishing, completions, and recovery operations. The well service truck 102 can contain a number of different characteristics, for example, for this application, the truck 102 contains a drum 104, which unwinds the cable 106 by a combined measuring device / weight indicator 108. The cable 106 is lifted by the lower pulley 110 and the upper pulley 112, and enters the borehole by pressure control equipment 114, used to contain pressure from the borehole while allowing cable 106 to move freely in and out out of the well hole. Cable 106 enters the well hole through the well head connection 116, to which the pressure control equipment is connected. Below surface 118, a pipe or liner is designed for a depth of the bottom (not shown). Inside casing 120 is a well tool 125, connected to cable 106.
    [0007] The combined measure and weight indicator device 108 comprises at least one, but usually a plurality of measure pinions 130. Measure pinions 130 are precision gauges with reference to precise diameters, and rotate proportionally with the cable 106 as it enters or leaves the well hole. Measuring pinions 130 are mechanically connected to a depth encoding device (not shown) that provides digital signals based on the position of the depth pinion. Therefore, as the cable 106 moves into or out of the well bore 101, a plurality of depth signals are sent to a portable data system 140 arranged on the truck 102 in order to provide the operator with accurate data. of depths. In addition, in the example shown, the combined measuring device and weight indicator 108 contains a cable tension pinion 132. The cable tension pinion 132 applies an adjusted pressure value against the cable 106 in the direction of the measurement pinions 130. As the amount of cable in the well bore increases, the tension applied by the weight of the cable resists against the tension pinion on the cable 132, increasing the load on the tension pinion of the cable 132 towards the measurement pinions 130 The tension pinion of the cable 132 is mechanically connected to a load cell, and as the weight of the cable 106 increases, increasing the load in the tension pinion 132, the load cell sends a signal to the load compartment. profiling of truck 102, indicating an increase in tension in cable 106.
    [0008] As used here, the term cable comprises smooth and metallic cables. As used herein, the metal cable comprises intertwined resistance members surrounding a core containing one or more energy conductors. Energy conductors can comprise electrical conductors, optical fibers, and a combination of them. Conductors can be configured as single conductors, stranded conductors, coaxial conductors, and a combination of them. As used herein, a flat cable comprises a single filament resistance member having a relatively smooth outer surface. While the resistance member of the flat wire may be metallic, it is not used to conduct electrical or power signals. Generally, a flat cable does not contain an energy conductor. Straight Tapered Wire
    [0009] A smooth wire can be used to drive memory instruments and mechanical devices into the wells. It can also provide mechanical services such as bypassing gloves, removing tampons, sewage and cleaning. The wire must be able to drive the equipment as well as supply a mechanical force transmission to the tools inside the well bore. A limitation for current straight yarn designs is the ratio of tension to weight. This limits the depth at which the cable can withstand load and perform mechanical work at objective depths. Due to the weight of the material used to make the cable, the further the cable descends inside the well the heavier it becomes and the greater the load to be supported by the cable at the top of the well. In addition, in deviation wells, dragging the cable along the sides of the well hole adds to the problem, and the cable no longer has the ability to drive the tools or instruments that were intended for use. The maximum depth that the line can reach will be less than the line itself could reach due to tools or loads. The load is usually greater in OD OD (from the acronym for Outside Diameter). If the operation of the flat wire becomes stuck in the hole, this will generally occur in the load since it has the highest OD. This is why the flat wire needs to be designed to pull the load out of a weak spot or by other means. But at some depth there is no safety factor for this weakness. Therefore, the maximum depth safely reached is currently less than the depth that the cable itself could reach.
    [00010] In an embodiment of the present invention, see FIG. 2, a tapered smooth wire 200 is shown. The tapered smooth wire comprises a resistance member 210 which is tapered from a larger diameter di close to the surface and at least a smaller diameter d2, ds near the bottom of the well. Such a cable is lighter at the bottom and heavier and larger at the top where greater traction capacity is required. The tapered flat wire can be designed in multiple diameters by the length of the flat wire. The length of the Ti, T2 tapered sections can vary from a few inches to several hundred feet. Any number of diameters and tapered sections can be used.
    [00011] As someone more versed in the technique will be able to envision a common pressure control equipment on the surface 114 (see Fig. 1), it can be designed to work with a smooth wire of substantially constant diameter. In an example embodiment, the liner material 205 is adhered to the cable in such a way that the diameter of the liner material is compatible with the pressure control equipment 114. In one example, the liner material 205 can be applied by resistance member length 210. In another example, coating material 205 can be applied exactly by the smallest diameters of, ds and mixed with the largest diameter di of the resistance member. In this example, di will be selected to match the required diameter for pressure control equipment 114. The appropriate coating can be selected based on appropriate operational factors including, but not limited to, surface pressure, pressure in the drilling hole , temperature in the drilling hole, the depth of work, overtraction requirements, corrosion properties of the drilling fluid below, and friction factors. In one example, when economically feasible, the smooth wire coating and diameter selection can be selected for a specific location.
    [00012] Non-limiting examples of coating material include polyolefins, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers (MFA), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane polymers (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene polymers (PTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers (ETFE), copolymers ), poly (4-methyl-1-pentane), other fluoropolymers, polyaryletherether ketone (PEEK) polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers (PPS), modified polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polyether ketone polymers (PEK), modified polymers of maleic anhydrous , perfluoralkoxy polymers, fluorinated ethylene and propylene polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers, polyamide polymers, polyurethane, polyethylene chloro-trifluoroethylene polymers, trichloroethane fluids based on a substituted poly (1,4-phenylene) structure where each ann el phenylene has a substituent group R derived from a wide variety of organic groups, or the like, or any mixture between them.
    [00013] In one example, the sheath can be selected with a specific weight less than that of the drilling hole fluid to provide a float lift for the lower parts of the cable. This can reduce a stray weight on the bottom of the cable. Balancing buoyancy and friction can reduce not only the weight, but also the drag. In one example, a coating material is selected based on its swelling characteristics in the presence of fluids from the drilling hole, which can improve buoyancy.
    [00014] In another example, a material for the smooth yarn can be selected with an improved tension-to-weight ratio. For example, titanium can be used as the material for the resistance member to provide a resistance member that is almost as strong as steel, but much lighter. In another example, corrosion resistant materials can be used including, but not limited to: MP35-N, 27-7 MO, 25-6 MO, and 31 MO.
    [00015] In some embodiments, the sheath material may not have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand high tensile or compressive forces as the cable is collected, for example, on pulleys, and the like, and may also include small fibers . While any suitable fibers can be used to provide sufficient properties to resist such forces, examples include, but are not necessarily limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, aramid fibers, aromatic liquid crystal polymer fibers , quartz, nano carbon, or any other suitable material. Shaped Smart Flat Wire
    [00016] A disadvantage of common smooth wire systems is the lack of a real-time power / telemetry system. A real-time power and telemetry system could allow real-time data collection and the assurance that the data is valid. It could also allow for a real-time visual interpretation of the data for faster decision making. By changing the shape of the flat wire it is possible to allow the introduction of energy conductors into the resistance member of the flat wire which would enable the flat wire to behave like a metallic cable. If the flat wire conductor (s) is large enough to drive power to a down-bore tractor then the flat wire service may be able to operate in horizontal wells.
    [00017] Previous initiatives to commercialize a smart flat wire have met with limited success. The original attempt was to introduce a conductor into a pipe. This hybrid served to combine the problems of a metallic wire and those of a smooth wire. The problem was that the conductor was smaller in size and could provide only limited power and the pipe wall was smaller in size and could only be used in profiling operations due to the limited traction capacity, which eliminated its use in smooth wire operations.
    [00018] Other attempts have been made to use the smooth wire itself through a coating of the smooth wire. However, this severely limits power and telemetry, but allows some limited functions of the flat wire. The reliability of a coated smooth wire is problematic, especially in deeper, deviated wells.
    [00019] In one embodiment, see FIG. 3, a shaped flat line assembly 300 comprises a reinforced element shape 301 having an energy conductor 303 arranged in an axially extending channel installed within the shaped reinforced element. By changing the shape of the resistance element of the flat wire from a rounded exterior, there are several shapes that can be developed and that will allow to install one or more energy conductors inside it. As previously indicated, the energy conductor may comprise electrical, optical fiber, or a combination of them. The energy conductors used here may be bare energy conductors, or alternatively they may have protective covers. Such conductors, both electrical and optical, are commercially available and are not described in detail here.
    [00020] In the example shown in FIG. 3, by changing the shape of resistance member 301 from a rounded exterior to a square, channel 304 can be installed along the side of the square to allow conductor 303 to be manufactured within resistance member 301. The energy conductor 303 can be fixed within channel 304 by a fastening material, for example, an epoxy and / or thermoplastic material 302. Suitable thermoplastic materials include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers (MFA), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane polymers (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene polymers (PTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenes polymers (ETFE), ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPC), poly (4-methyl-l-pentane), other fluoropolymers, polyether polymers (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide polymers (PPS), modified polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polyether ketone polymers (PEK), modified maleic anhydrous polymers, pe polymers rfluoralkoxy, fluorinated ethylene and propylene polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers, polyamide polymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane thermoplastics, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers, and polymers with chlorofluoroethylene propylene. a substituted poly (1,4-phenylene) structure where each phenylene ring has a substituent group R derived from a wide variety of organic groups, or the like, or any mixture between them. Fiber reinforcement can be added to the adhesive to increase bond strength and minimize the potential for the bond to be extruded from the wire when it passes through the lubricant. Suitable fibers can include, but are not limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, aramid fibers, liquid crystal aromatic polymer fibers, quartz, nanocarbon, or any other suitable material.
    [00021] In another example embodiment, see FIG. 4, channels 304 are formed on opposite sides of resistance member 401 providing two channels for energy conductors 303. Energy conductors 303 can be the same, or different, in the flat wire assembly 400.
    [00022] In yet another example, see FIG. 5, the flat wire assembly 500 comprises a reinforced conductor 501 having a substantially rectangular shape. The energy conductors 503 and the fixing material 502 are similar to those previously described.
    [00023] In yet another embodiment, see FIG. 6, a single conductor flat wire assembly 600 comprises a resistance member 601 having an arc shape. The energy conductor 603 and the fixing material 602 are similar to those previously described.
    [00024] In another embodiment, see FIG. 7, a flat wire assembly 700 can be manufactured in an oblong shape, also called an oval, or "football". This shape can allow easier assembly of the flat wire assembly on the pressure control equipment. This could allow grooves for installing one or more energy conductors 703 in channels 704. Energy conductors 703 can be fixed within the grooves by a fixing material 702.
    [00025] In another example, see FIG. 8, the football shape can allow channels 804 to have spring-mounted spring retainers 805, such that energy conductors 803 are retained within channels 804. Energy conductors 803 are located along an axis xx of the flat wire assembly 800 which will minimize the stresses suffered by conductors 803 when the flat wire bends around the xx axis.
    [00026] FIG. 9 shows another example of an oblong shaped flat wire assembly 900 having a resistance member 901 having at least one channel 904 at each end of the major x-x axis. The energy conductors 903 are retained in the channels by a fixing material 602 in a similar manner to those previously described.
    [00027] It should be noted that the forms of the flat wire assemblies described above that comprise energy conductors can be used without energy conductors as well. In addition, flat wire assemblies with or without energy conductors can also be tapered as previously described herein. A set of smooth, tapered, non-circular wire, as described, can also comprise an outer sheath, as previously described, such that the outer shape and a cross section of the outer area of the cable remains substantially constant over the length of the cable . In one embodiment, the lining material and the fixing material can be of the same material. In another embodiment, the coating material and the fixing material may be different. Deep Metallic Wire
    [00028] The current technology for metal cables for applications in the hole below has limitations that cannot be overcome by current projects. The metal cable is used to conduct instruments, explosives and mechanical devices in the wells. The metallic cable needs to be able to conduct the equipment as well as supply means for the transmission of data and power. One of the limitations of current metal cable designs is the resistance to weight ratio. This limits the depths at which the metallic cable can safely deliver loads and perform mechanical work at objective depths. Due to the weight of the material used to produce the shield cables, the more metallic cable plunges into the interior of the well, the heavier it becomes and the greater the load to be supported by the metallic cable at the top of the well.
    [00029] A second limitation of the current metal cable designs is that the outer surface of the cables, like that of any standard braided cable design, is not smooth due to the fact that all shield cables are twisted. This makes it difficult to form a seal around the metal cable as it enters the wellhead in wells with pressure. In gas wells, obtaining the seal is even more difficult. This limits the OD cable that can be used under pressure because the higher the OD of the metallic cable the greater the OD of the cables of the outer shield, which creates larger hollow spaces between the inside and the outside. Therefore the metallic cable tension that can be used will be limited by the sealing capacity of the pressure equipment used to print a seal around the metallic cable and contain the pressure inside the well. The braid design also raises environmental concerns when pressure control is required due to the loss of grease used to form the seal around the metal cable.
    [00030] Another limitation due to the exterior in a standard braided cable design is that it adds friction to the contact with the sides of the well hole, further reducing the achievable depths. This same friction can cause wear to the interior of the completion equipment, which can be very expensive for a customer to repair.
    [00031] In one embodiment, see FIG. 10, the present description incorporates a single uniform outer OD, which reduces problems with pressure control and can provide reduced friction when the metallic wire comes into contact with the borehole side, which will facilitate entry and entry. well and also reduce damage to completion equipment inside the well. A tapered modality in the deeper descending parts of the metallic cable can make it lighter and, in some conditions, floating neutrally or positively.
    [00032] In one embodiment, see FIG. 10, a flat tapered wire 1000 is shown. A tapered smooth wire comprises one or more energy conductors 1006 which can be electrical and / or optical energy conductors. Helically braided around the power conductors is a plurality of resistance members with 1010 shield cables. Multiple layers of 1010 resistance members can be used. The 1010 resistance members may be made of a steel material. Alternatively, the 1010 strength members may be of a titanium material. In another example, corrosion resistant materials can be used including, but not limited to: MP35-N, 27-7 MO, 25-6 MO, and 31 MO. In the embodiment shown, the resistance members 1010 can each be tapered over at least a part of their length, Ti, such that the outer diameter, di, of the braid of the braided resistance members 1010 is greater near the upper end at surface, and taper to at least a smaller diameter d2, ds, near the bottom of the well. Such a cable is lighter at the bottom and heavier and larger at the top where greater traction capacity is required. The tapered metal cable can be designed with multiple diameters over the length of the metal cable. The length of the Ti, T2 tapered sections can vary from a few inches to several hundred feet. Any number of diameter and tapered sections can be used.
    [00033] In one embodiment, the tapered metallic cable can be constructed by weaving together cables of different sizes. In another embodiment, the shield wire resistance members 1010 can be designed with different tapered diameters over the length of each resistance member 1010. The length Ti, T2 over which the diameter of the resistance member is changed, can be several inches to several hundred feet.
    [00034] In another embodiment, the metallic cable may be constructed with a first number of layers of shield wire resistance members at the top, or in the largest diameter, and a second number of layers of shield wire resistance members in a lower location to create a lower OD cable.
    [00035] In yet another embodiment, the higher section of the metal cable, may comprise a first number of resistance members of shield wire. A lower section may comprise a second, smaller number of shield wire resistance members, thus reducing the OD of the metal cable. Additional reductions in cable OD can be achieved again by decreasing the number of shield wire resistance members. In yet another embodiment, resistance members with larger cables can be used on the first higher section of the metal cable. A similar number of smaller diameter resistance members can be used in a lower second section to reduce the OD of the cable. In yet another embodiment, combinations of the above techniques can be employed combining at least two of: different number of layers of resistance members at different locations along the cable; different number of resistance members at different locations along the cable; and different diameters of the resistance members at different locations along the cable. In one embodiment, the resistance members of different diameters at different locations along the cable may comprise fixed diameters at different locations and / or tapered diameters along the cable.
    [00036] As can be seen by someone more skilled in the art, pressure control equipment on common surface 114 (see Fig. 1), can be designed to work with a metallic cable with a substantially constant diameter. In an example embodiment, a sheath material 1005 is glued to the cable resistance members in such a way that the sheath material diameter is substantially constant to ensure compatibility with pressure control equipment 114. In one example, the coating material 1005 can be applied over the length of the resistance member 1010. In another example, the coating material 1005 can be applied exactly over the smaller diameters d2, ds, and mixed with the largest diameter resistance member di . In this example, di should be selected to match the required diameter for pressure control equipment 114. The appropriate coating can be selected based on appropriate operating factors including, but not limited to, surface pressure, bore pressure below , hole temperature below, work depth, overdrive requirements, corrosion properties of the drilling fluid inside the hole, and friction factors. In one example, when economically feasible, the cable jacket and the choice of outside diameter can be selected for the conditions of a specific location.
    [00037] Non-limiting examples of coating materials include polyolefins, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers (MFA), perfluoro-alkoxyalkane polymers (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene polymers (PTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene polymers (EPFE), copolymers ), poly (4-methyl-1-pentane), other fluoropolymers, polyaryletheretherether ketone (PEEK) polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers (PPS), modified polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polyether ketone polymers (PEK), modified polymers of maleic anhydrous , perfluoralkoxy polymers, fluorinated ethylene and propylene polymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether polymers, polyamide polymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane thermoplastics, chlorinated polyethylene ethylene polymers, chlorotrifluoroethylene based on a substituted poly (1,4-phenylene) structure where c Each phenylene ring has a substituent group R derived from a wide variety of organic groups, or the like, or any mixture between them.
    [00038] In one example, the sheath is selected with a material having a specific weight less than that of the fluid in the well bore to provide a high float for the lower parts of the cable. In one example, hollow glass beads can be mixed with the coating to increase flotation. An example is 3M Glass Bubbles provided by 3M Corporation, St. Paul, MN. This can reduce dead weight from the bottom of the cable. The balance between buoyancy and friction can reduce not only the weight, but also the drag. In one example, a coating material can be selected to expand in the presence of drilling fluids inside the hole, which can improve buoyancy. In another example, a material for the wire rope can be selected with an improved stress-to-weight ratio. For example, titanium can be used as the material for a resistance member and provide a resistance member that is almost as strong as steel, but much lighter. In another example, corrosion resistant materials can be used including, but not limited to: MP35-N, 27-7 MO, 25-6 MO, and 31 MO.
    [00039] In some embodiments, the coating material may not have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand strong tensile stresses or compressive forces as the cable is pulled, for example, over pulleys, and thus, it may also include small fibers. While any suitable fiber can be used to provide sufficient properties to withstand such forces, examples include, but are not necessarily limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, aramid fibers, aromatic crystal polymer fibers liquid, nanocarbon, or any other suitable material.
    [00040] In another embodiment, see FIGS. 11 and 12, the resistance members 1101 and 1201 are conformed. Resistance members 1101 and 1201 involve at least one energy conductor 1103 and 1203, respectively. In addition, insulators 1102 and 1202 are fitted within resistance members 1101 and 1201, respectively. In this way the metallic cable can be constructed with a smaller external diameter (OD) with the same mass of metal. This will enable a higher tension with a lower OD, and will provide a greater traction power, reducing the limitations imposed by the pressure control equipment.
    [00041] The metallic cable can be designed with an inner shape and an outer shield, which when fitted will provide a practically smooth outer surface. The shape can be such that when the shield cables are assembled together to form the shield, the outer surface will be practically smooth. The shape of the shield can take any one of different forms. This could be, for example, like that of a flexible type coil that takes the shape of an "S", see FIG.ll. It can take the form of a curved disc, see FIG. 12. There are several shape numbers that can be combined to create an almost smooth and rounded exterior when the cable is assembled. The shape of the shield can be made during tensioning of the cable to its size by pulling the cable through a formwork. This can also be done in a way designed for nano technology where the cables are scraped to increase the alignment of the metal crystals and improve the characteristics of the metal and the tension that result in a stronger metallic cable. In addition, the shapes of the shield can be tapered along its length. When tapered, the outside diameter can be covered with coatings similar to those previously described for tapered cables, in order to ensure a substantially constant cable outside diameter.
    [00042] Due to the double helical design of the metallic cable, the direction of the shapes of the internal shields of the cable may be in the opposite direction to the shapes of the external shield of the cable.
    [00043] Although it is not a requirement for internal shields to have a shape, in doing so, it can bring benefits to help reduce hollow spaces during pressure control operations. These modes can be used with any conductors (including coaxial conductors) and optical fibers. This includes multi-conductor cables, for example, seven-conductor cables, seven-conductor compression-resistant packages enclosed in a jacket-type material, single conductor, a single optical fiber, multiple optical fibers, and combinations thereof.
    [00044] The weight unit for a metal cable, for example, pounds / foot, can be reduced at the bottom by reducing the weight unit of the resistance members at the bottom of the cable. Someone skilled in the art may see that the unit of weight of the resistance members is directly proportional to the density of the material of the resistance member and the cross-sectional area of the resistance member at a location along the cable. By reducing the total cross-sectional area of the resistance members at a lower location with respect to a higher location, and assuming a substantially constant material density, the unit weight of the cable will proportionally decrease at the lower locations. The technique of tapering with the resistance members, described above, is one way to achieve this reduction. FIGS. 13A-C show other modalities where the total area of a cross section of the cable resistance members can be reduced at the lowest locations. FIG. 13A shows an upper end of cable 1300 containing an inner layer 1302 and an outer layer 1303 of shielding cables for resistance members 1304. Resistance members 1304 are twisted around the power conductor 1301. As previously described, the power conductor energy 1301 can be one or more optical and / or electrical energy conductors known in the art. The shield wire resistance members can be any of those previously described here. FIG. 13B shows an example of the lower end part of cable 1300 that has only a layer 1302 of shield wire resistance members 1304. The cross-sectional area of single layer 1302 is clearly smaller than that of the double layer of FIG. 13 A, with a corresponding decrease in the weight unit of the lower section of cable 1300 compared to the higher section. FIG. 13C represents another example of the lower end of the cable 1300. As shown, the lower end has two modified layers 1302 'and 1303x when compared to the upper end of FIG. 13 A. The reduced number of shielding cables for the resistance members corresponds to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the resistance members at the lower end when compared to the upper end, with a corresponding reduction in the weight unit of the cable at the end bottom. In yet another example of a modality, combinations of cross-sectional area / weight reduction techniques can be used. For example, in a transition, the number of layers can remain the same with a reduction in the number of resistance members. An additional reduction in another section may include a reduction in the number of layers. As long as the 1300 cable is shown with two layers, any number of layers can be used.
    [00045] FIGS. 14A-C show cables similar to those of FIGS. 13A-C, but containing a coating 1401, for example, any of the coatings as previously described herein, and adhered to the shield wire resistance members to provide a smooth outer diameter. In one embodiment, the outside diameter is substantially constant over the length of the cable. In another embodiment, sheath 1401 can be adhered to only part of the length of cable 1300.
    [00046] Numerous variations that modifications will become apparent to those more versed in the technique. It is intended that all claims that follow are interpreted to embrace all of these variations and modifications.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    1. Smooth cable, comprising: a resistance member (210) that extends axially; and a sheath material (205) adhered to at least part of the length of the resistance member (210) to form a uniform outer diameter along the flat cable; characterized by the fact that the axially extending resistance member (210) having a first diameter near the upper end and at least a second smaller diameter distant from the upper end.
    [0002]
    2. Cable according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the uniform external diameter of the cable (210) is selected from a group consisting of: the first diameter; and a predetermined diameter larger than the first diameter.
    [0003]
    Cable according to claim 2, characterized in that the sheath comprises a thermoplastic material.
    [0004]
    4. Cable according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sheath has a specific weight less than the specific weight of a fluid in a well bore.
    [0005]
    5. Cable according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sheath material (205) expands when exposed to the well hole fluid.
    [0006]
    Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheath comprises at least one of: a plurality of reinforcement fibers and a plurality of hollow glass beads.
    [0007]
    Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance member (210) tapers continuously from the first diameter to at least a second diameter.
    [0008]
    Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least second diameter comprises a plurality of monotonically decreasing diameters from the upper end to a lower end of the cable.
    [0009]
    Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one channel (304) extending axially on an external surface of the resistance member, and at least one energy conductor (303) extending axially arranged in at least one axially extending channel (304).
    [0010]
    10. Method for producing a smooth cable, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: forming a resistance member (210) that extends axially having a first diameter close to an upper end and at least a second smaller diameter distal to the upper end ; and adhering a sheath material (205) to at least part of the length of the metal resistance member (210) to form a uniform outer diameter along the cable.
    [0011]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the coating comprises a thermoplastic material.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the coating has a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of a fluid in a well bore.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the coating material (205) swells when exposed to the bore fluid.
    [0014]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises mixing at least one of a plurality of reinforcement fibers and a plurality of hollow glass beads in the coating.
    [0015]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it further comprises continuously tapering the metal resistance member (210) from the first diameter to at least a second diameter.
    [0016]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least second diameter comprises a plurality of monotonically decreasing diameters from the upper end to a lower end of the cable.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises forming at least one channel (304) extending axially on an external surface of the metallic resistance member, and having at least one energy conductor (303) which extends axially in at least one channel (304) which extends axially.
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    同族专利:
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    MX2013000424A|2013-06-13|
    CA2800839A1|2012-01-19|
    WO2012009286A4|2012-03-08|
    WO2012009286A1|2012-01-19|
    EP2591477A1|2013-05-15|
    US20130122296A1|2013-05-16|
    BR112012033094A2|2016-11-22|
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    EP2591477A4|2013-12-18|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-07-09| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2020-01-28| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|
    2020-06-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-11-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 11/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US36327610P| true| 2010-07-11|2010-07-11|
    US61/363,276|2010-07-11|
    PCT/US2011/043592|WO2012009286A1|2010-07-11|2011-07-11|Downhole cables for well operations|
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